End-stage renal disease (also known as kidney failure) and hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol) also contributed to Wendts passing
Fatty acids and eicosanoids are: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (11-HETE), 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), 8-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (8-HETE), 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), 9- hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE), 6-keto prostaglandin F1 (6-keto-PGF1alpha), prostaglandin F2 (PGF2alpha), tromboxane B2 (TXB2), tromboxane B3 (TXB3), 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE), 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (14_15-DHET), 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (11_12-DHET), 8,9-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (8_9-DHET), 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (5_6-DHET), hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid (13-HOTrE), 12-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-oxoETE), 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxoETE), 5-hydroxyicosapentaenoic acid (5-HEPE), 15-hydroxyicosapentaenoic acid (15-HEPE)
What's consistent across the research is that smoking is associated with less predictable treatment outcomes and a higher risk of complications overall which is why orthodontists generally recommend against it regardless of the exact mechanism in any individual case
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Although the reduced sample size limited statistical power and yielded non-significant associations, the effect estimates remained directionally consistent with the primary analysis, supporting its robustness
